Arousal states are the levels of alertness we experience. Understand and identify arousal states can be a powerful tool for regulation.
Imagine seeing a child talking rapidly and buzzing with energy. Your first thought probably isn’t, ‘This child is ready to learn.’ Instead, you’re likely thinking about how to help them calm down. The child is likely in a high arousal state and may need support to return to a more balanced state before they can focus on learning. Let’s explore what arousal states are and how we can help children recognize their own arousal state.
Arousal states are the levels of alertness and activation we experience. They are influenced by both physiological factors (like heart rate and breathing) and psychological factors (like thoughts and emotions. Our arousal state can impact our emotions and how we respond to things happening in our environment. The Alert Program by Williams & Shellenberger teaches three states of arousal: low, moderate and high.
Low Arousal (hypo arousal)
Someone experiencing low arousal may appear sleepy, lethargic or bored.
Moderate Arousal
Someone experiencing moderate may appear alert, calm, engaged or focused.
High Arousal (hyper arousal)
Someone experiencing high arousal may appear excited, distracted, hyper or fidgety.
No state of arousal is bad, and each state can be helpful depending on the situation. For instance, low arousal is great for bedtime and high arousal is needed when playing a sport. However, moderate arousal is the optimal state for most situations.
Explaining arousal states to children can be tricky. At Momentous Institute, our therapists working with young children explain arousal states using three colors to represent each of the states: blue for low, green for just right, and purple for high. Using colors allows children to identify when they are “in the blue” or “in the purple”.
To demonstrate these states, our therapists use a tool made from a paper plate that resembles a speedometer. Here’s how you can create your own.
What You Need
Instructions
Once children have completed their meter, lead them through modeling each state. We recommend going through the states in this order.
This body awareness can be enhanced with personal heart rate monitors. Children can exercise and notice their high, fast heart beats. And then they can use their coping skills and appreciate their slow heartbeat.
Children are empowered when they realize that they can listen to their bodies and use coping skills to alter their energy for the situation at hand. One way to help children regulate their arousal state is by using sensory experiences. You can learn more about how sensory input can work for regulation here.
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