Sensory processing is a fundamental part of how we experience the world around us. It refers to the way our brain receives, interprets, and responds to information from our senses. This can include anything from the way we perceive light, sound, and touch, to how we react to smells, tastes, and even our sense of balance. Sensory processing isn’t always front of mind, but it plays an important role in daily life for both children and adults.

We have seven different sensory systems that the brain must integrate so that we can interact with the world around us.

They are:

· Tactile (touch)

· Auditory (sound)

· Visual (sight)

· Gustatory (taste)

· Olfactory (smell)

· Proprioception (muscle-joint awareness)

· Vestibular (orientation in space)

Everybody processes sensory input differently and requires different amounts of input to engage with the environment. For example, one person may need to be in a quiet room to focus, while another may need to have background noise.

Sensory Processing in Children

Throughout childhood, children encounter countless new experiences. In addition to processing these experiences in the brain, their bodies also register the associated sensations. The first time a child sees fireworks, jumps on a trampoline or eats ice cream, their brain registers the sights, sounds, smells and other body sensations.

Sensory processing influences everything from how children interact with their environment to how they cope with stress or distractions. Every child experiences their senses differently. Some children may have sensory processing challenges that make everyday activities harder to navigate.

For example:

Some children may be overly sensitive (hypersensitive) to sensory input like bright lights, loud noises, or certain textures, which can make it hard for them to focus in a busy classroom or enjoy playtime.
Others may have an under-response (hyposensitive) to sensory input, which means they may seek out strong sensory experiences, like using a fidget tool or making loud noises, to feel engaged or alert.

Children with sensory processing issues may struggle with activities like brushing their teeth, eating certain foods, or transitioning between tasks. These challenges can sometimes overlap with conditions like autism, ADHD, or sensory processing disorder (SPD), but not all children who experience sensory issues are diagnosed with these conditions.

Sensory Processing in Adults

As we grow older, our sensory processing continues to shape how we navigate the world, but for many adults, these challenges become more subtle or manageable over time. However, that doesn't mean sensory processing issues disappear. Many adults still experience sensitivities or seek out specific sensory experiences to help regulate emotions, focus, or reduce stress.

Sensory processing challenges can pop up in certain situations. Someone who is sensitive to sensory overload may struggle in a bright, noisy workplace or loud, crowded environments.

Why Understanding Sensory Processing is Important

Sensory processing is linked to our mental and physical health. When we make sense of our senses, we are better able to navigate our unique needs and support the needs of those around us. Knowing how sensory processing works can open doors to self-awareness and coping strategies, lead to a more inclusive world for those around us and ultimately help ourselves and others thrive.

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